viernes, 4 de mayo de 2007

TORCHS




javier eduardo mosquera manrique 2005203611

stephanie ortiz bermudez 2005204100

mario vergara zea 2005203336

TORCHS

This message contains search results from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
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Sender's message: ("Toxoplasmosis"[MeSH] OR ("Toxoplasmosis/embryology"[MeSH] OR "Toxoplasmosis/genetics"[MeSH] OR "Toxoplasmosis/immunology"[MeSH])) OR ("Measles"[MeSH] OR ("Measles/embryology"[MeSH] OR "Measles/genetics"[MeSH] OR "Measles/immunology"[MeSH])) OR "Cytomegalovirus/genetics"[MeSH] OR ("HIV"[MeSH] OR "HIV/genetics"[MeSH]) Limits: All Infant: birth-23 months, Newborn: birth-1 month, added to PubMed in the last 2 years, English, Spanish, published in the last 1 year, Clinical Trial, Practice Guideline, Humans

Sent on Friday, 2007 May 04 GMT
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Entrez pubmed Results
Items 1 - 5 of 5

1: Arch Dis Child. 2007 Jan;92(1):88.Click here to read LinkOut

A newborn screening programme for congenital toxoplasmosis in the setting of a country with less income.

PMID: 17185454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2: BMJ. 2006 Dec 16;333(7581):1245\. Epub 2006 Oct 23.Click here to read Click here to read Compound via MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Cited Articles, Free in PMC, LinkOut
Comment in:
BMJ. 2006 Dec 16;333(7581):1234.

Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent pneumonia and other complications after measles: community based randomised double blind placebo controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau.

Projecto de Saude de Bandim, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. mlg@ssi.dk

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prophylactic antibiotics can prevent complications of measles\. DESIGN: Community based, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial\. SETTING: Bandim Health Project study area in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, west Africa\. PARTICIPANTS: 84 patients with measles during a measles epidemic in Bissau in 1998 (fewer than originally planned owing to interruption by war)\. INTERVENTIONS: Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) or placebo for seven days\. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pneumonia and admission to hospital\. Also weight change during the first month of infection, diarrhoea, severe fever, oral thrush, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and otitis media\. RESULTS: The median age of the patients with measles was 5.4 (range 0.49-24.8) years\. One of 46 participants who received co-trimoxazole developed pneumonia, in contrast to six of 38 participants who received placebo (odds ratio 0.08 (95% confidence interval 0 to 0.56), adjusted for age group)\. The number needed to treat was 7 (4 to 48)\. All three participants admitted to hospital had received placebo (P=0.09)\. The weight gain during the first month after inclusion was 15 (2-29) g/day in the placebo group and 32 (23-42) g/day in the co-trimoxazole group (P=0.04, adjusted for age group, weight for age at inclusion, measles vaccination status, and duration of disease)\. Significantly less conjunctivitis occurred among recipients of co-trimoxazole than placebo, as well as a non-significant tendency to less diarrhoea, severe fever, oral thrush, and stomatitis\. Complications of otitis media were the same in the two groups\. CONCLUSIONS: The group that received prophylactic antibiotics had less pneumonia and conjunctivitis and had significantly higher weight gains in the month after inclusion\. The results indicate that prophylactic antibiotics may have an important role in the management of measles infection in low income countries\. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials NCT001168532.

PMID: 17060336 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3: Blood. 2006 Dec 15;108(13):4275-82\. Epub 2006 Aug 22.Click here to read Substance via MeSH, LinkOut

Umbilical cord blood transplantation and cytomegalovirus: Posttransplantation infection and donor screening.

National Cord Blood Program, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67 St, New York, NY 10021, USA.

This study assessed the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after transplantation of cord blood (CB) from unrelated donors and evaluated strategies for screening CB donors\. Posttransplantation CMV infection, reported in 23% of 1221 CB recipients, was associated with patient pretransplantation CMV serology (P < .001), but not with CMV serology in CB donors or their mothers\. A total of 26 988 infant CB donors were evaluated by viral culture of saliva\. Subgroups were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction in CB (CB-PCR) in 2 case-control studies\. In the first study, 33 of 47 saliva culture-positive CB donors were confirmed by CB-PCR\. All mothers of the 33 infants with confirmed CMV infection were CMV-total antibody positive, but only 1 of 3 had CMV-IgM antibody\. The second study evaluated infants born to mothers with CMV-IgM antibody\. Of these, 5 of 170 saliva culture-negative infants were positive by CB-PCR\. The incidence of congenital CMV infection in CB donors was low (0.12%)\. Maternal serology had poor predictive value for CMV infection in their infant CB donors and bore no detected relationship to CMV infection in CB recipients\. Saliva culture for CMV had both false-positive and -negative results\. CB-PCR was a useful alternative for detecting CMV in CB donors.

PMID: 16926290 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: AIDS. 2006 Jul 13;20(11):1481-9.Click here to read LinkOut

HIV-1 vaccine induced immune responses in newborns of HIV-1 infected mothers.

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver Colorado, USA. betsy.mcfarland@uchsc.edu

OBJECTIVE: Breast milk transmission continues to account for a large proportion of cases of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 worldwide\. An effective HIV-1 vaccine coupled with either passive immunization or short-term antiretroviral prophylaxis represents a potential strategy to prevent breast milk transmission\. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of ALVAC HIV-1 vaccine with and without a subunit envelope boost in infants born to HIV-1-infected women\. DESIGN:: Placebo-controlled, double-blinded study\. METHODS: Infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers in the US were immunized with a prime-boost regimen using a canarypox virus HIV-1 vaccine (vCP1452) and a recombinant glycoprotein subunit vaccine (rgp120)\. Infants (n = 30) were randomized to receive: vCP1452 alone, vCP1452 + rgp120, or corresponding placebos\. RESULTS: Local reactions were mild or moderate and no significant systemic toxicities occurred\. Subjects receiving both vaccines had gp120-specific binding serum antibodies that were distinguishable from maternal antibody\. Repeated gp160-specific lymphoproliferative responses were observed in 75%\. Neutralizing activity to HIV-1 homologous to the vaccine strain was observed in 50% of the vCP1452 + rgp120 subjects who had lost maternal antibody by week 24\. In some infants HIV-1-specific proliferative and antibody responses persisted until week 104\. HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were detected in two subjects in each treatment group; the frequency of HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses did not differ between vaccine and placebo recipients\. CONCLUSION: The demonstration of vaccine-induced immune responses in early infancy supports further study of HIV-1 vaccination as a strategy to reduce breast milk transmission.

PMID: 16847402 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5: AIDS. 2006 Jun 12;20(9):1289-94.Click here to read LinkOut

Predictive value of absolute CD4 cell count for disease progression in untreated HIV-1-infected children.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the relationship between absolute CD4 cell count and the short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children\. DESIGN: A meta-analysis of individual longitudinal data on HIV-1-infected children enrolled in trials and cohort studies in Europe and the USA\. METHODS: The risks of progression to death and AIDS (or death) within 12 months, in terms of age and the most recent CD4 cell count, were estimated using parametric survival models\. The analysis was restricted to measurements before the start of antiretroviral therapy except zidovudine monotherapy\. The values of the absolute CD4 cell count and percentage predicting selected levels of disease progression risk were determined from this and previous models\. RESULTS: A total of 566 deaths was observed over 9128 person-years of follow-up, and 992 children progressed to AIDS or death over 7309 person-years of follow-up\. In children older than 4 or 5 years, the estimated risk of disease progression increased sharply when the CD4 cell count fell below 200-300 cells/microl\. As with other immunological markers, CD4 cell count was less prognostic in younger children\. The CD4 cell count values predicting a 12-month risk of death of 2-5% and of AIDS of 5-10% were much more strongly influenced by age than equivalent CD4 cell percentage values\. CONCLUSION: This study suggests it may be appropriate to extend CD4 cell count criteria for initiating antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected adults to children as young as 4 or 5 years\. Monitoring by CD4 cell count in younger children is problematical because age is a highly influential variable.

PMID: 16816558 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]




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